- Ripping Coins for a Fair Exchange (Markus Jakobsson, 1995)
![[Cool]](http://www.cs.ut.ee/~lipmaa/gifs/cool.gif)
- Optimistic Protocols for Fair Exchange (N. Asokan, Matthis Schunter, Michael Waidner, 1996)
- Fair Exchange with a Semi-Trusted Third Party ( Matthew K. Franklin, Michael K. Reiter, ACM CCS 1997)
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1998
- Optimal Efficiency of Optimistic Contract Signing (Birgit Pfitzmann, Matthias Schunter, Michael Waidner, PODC 98)
- Optimistic synchronous multi-party contract signing (N. Asokan, Birgit Baum-Waidner, Matthias Schunter, and Michael Waidner, dec 1998)
- Asynchronous protocols for optimistic fair exchange (N. Asokan, Victor Shoup, Michael Waidner, may 1998)
- Optimistic asynchronous multi-party contract signing (Birgit Baum-Waidner and Michael Waidner, nov 1998)
- Weakly Secret Bit Commitment: Applications to Lotteries and Fair Exchange (Paul Syverson, 1998)
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1999
- On the Impossibility of Fair Exchange without a Trusted Third Party (Henning Pagnia, Felix C. Gärtner, 1999)
- Optimistic fair exchange of digital signatures (N. Askon, Victor Shoup, Michael Waidner, oct 1999)
- Abuse-free Optimistic Contract Signing (Juan Garay, Markus Jakobsson, Phil MacKenzie, CRYPTO '99)
- Abuse-free Multi-party Contract Signing ( Juan Garay, Phil MacKenzie, DISC '99)
- Modular Fair Exchange Protocols for Electronic Commerce (H. Vogt, H. Pagnia, and F.C. Gärtner, ACSAC 1999)
- Analysis of a Fair Exchange Protocol (Vitaly Shmatikov, John C. Mitchell, 1999)
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2000
- Provable Secure Certified Mail (Birgit Pfitzmann, Matthias Schunter, Michael Waidner, 2000)
- Solving Fair Exchange with Mobile Agents (H. Pagnia, H. Vogt, F.C. Gärtner, and U.G. Wilhelm, 2000)
- Analysis of Abuse-Free Contract Signing ( Vitaly Shmatikov, John C. Mitchell, 2000)
- Optimistic Fair Secure Computation (Christian Cachin, Jan Camenisch, CRYPTO 2000)
- Avoiding Loss of Fairness Owing to Process Crashes in Fair Data Exchange Protocols (Peng Liu, Peng Ning, Sushil Jajodia, 2000)
- A Fair-Exchange E-Commerce Protocol With Automated Dispute Resolution (Indrajit Ray, Indrakshi Ray, Natarajan Narasimhamurthi, 2000)
- An Optimistic Fair Exchange E-commerce Protocol with Automated Dispute Resolution (Indrakshi Ray, Indrajit Ray, 2000)
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2001
- Optimistic Asynchronous Multi-Party Contract Signing with Reduced Number of Rounds (Birgit Baum-Waidner, eprint 2001/044)
- Using Smart Cards for Fair Exchange (H. Vogt, H. Pagnia, and F.C. Gärtner, 2001)
- Rational Exchange A Formal Model Based on Game Theory (Levente Buttyán, Jean-Pierre Hubaux, 2001)
- Finite-State Analysis of Two Contract Signing Protocols (Vitaly Shmatikov, John C. Mitchell, 2001)
- An Anonymous Fair Exchange E-commerce Protocol (Indrakshi Ray, Indrajit Ray, 2001)
- A Game-Based Verification of Non-Repudiation and Fair Exchange Protocols (Steve Kremer, Jean-François Raskin, 2001)
- Fair Tracing without Trustees ( Dennis Kügler, Holger Vogt, FC 2001)
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2002
- Game Analysis of Abuse-free Contract Signing (Steve Kremer, Jean-Francois Raskin, 2002)
- A Formal Analysis of Syverson's Rational Exchange Protocol (Levente Buttyán, Jean-Pierre Hubaux, Srdjan Capkun, 2002)
- Supporting Fair Exchange in Mobile Environments (Holger Vogt, Felix C. Gärtner, Henning Pagnia, 2002)
- Fairness in Electronic Commerce (N. Asokan, 1998)
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